As the year comes to a close, it’s the ideal time to take a step back and assess your financial situation, especially if you’re planning to buy real estate in the coming year. Whether you’re a first-time homebuyer, looking for an investment property, or aiming to upgrade, being financially prepared can make all the difference.

1. Review Your Credit Score

Your credit score is a key factor in determining whether you’ll be approved for financing and what kind of interest rate you will receive. Obtain your credit report from the three major bureaus—Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Check for errors, and if your score isn’t as high as you’d like, start working on improving it by paying down high-interest debt and avoiding late payments. A higher credit score will open the door to better loan options.

2. Save for a Down Payment

Whether you’re purchasing a home or an investment property, the more you can put down upfront, the more flexibility you’ll have in negotiating financing terms. Aim for at least 20% of the property’s purchase price to avoid paying private mortgage insurance (PMI). However, if that’s not possible, explore alternative loan options with lower down payment requirements. Start saving now by setting up automatic transfers to your savings account.

3. Understand Your Debt-to-Income (DTI) Ratio

Lenders consider your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio to evaluate your ability to take on a new mortgage. A lower DTI suggests that you’re more likely to manage new debt responsibly. If your ratio is higher than 43% (which is the threshold many lenders use), consider paying down existing debt to improve your financial profile and enhance your borrowing potential.

4. Estimate Your Budget

Understanding how much real estate you can afford is crucial. Use online calculators to estimate your monthly payments, factoring in the property price, taxes, insurance, and potential HOA fees. Remember that your monthly payment should ideally not exceed 28-30% of your gross monthly income. Overextending your budget could lead to financial strain, so ensure you’re comfortable with your monthly obligations.

5. Prepare for Closing Costs

In addition to your down payment, you’ll need to budget for closing costs. These typically range from 2% to 5% of the home’s purchase price and can include expenses like title insurance, inspections, and appraisal fees. Having these funds saved up ahead of time will help ensure you’re not caught off guard at the last minute.

6. Get Pre-Approved for Financing

Before diving into the real estate market, it’s wise to get pre-approved for a loan or other financing. A pre-approval letter shows sellers that you’re a serious and qualified buyer, which could give you an edge in competitive markets. The pre-approval process involves submitting financial documentation, such as proof of income, tax returns, and credit history. It’s an essential step before starting the home search or investment property hunt.

7. Set Financial Goals for the Upcoming Year

Set concrete financial goals to reach by the time you’re ready to make your real estate purchase. Whether it’s saving a specific amount for your down payment or working to pay off high-interest debt, clear financial goals will help keep you on track. Regularly assess your progress and adjust your strategy as needed to stay focused on achieving your real estate ambitions.

8. Consult with Real Estate Professionals

Engage with a real estate agent, financial advisor, or other professionals who can provide expert guidance. We can help you navigate the market, identify properties that match your goals, and negotiate the best deal. A financial advisor can help you assess whether you’re in the right financial position to make a move, especially if you’re considering an investment property.

By taking these crucial steps now, you’ll position yourself for success when you’re ready to make a real estate purchase in the coming year. Careful financial planning and preparation can set the foundation for a smooth and successful transaction, whether it’s your dream home, an investment property, or a second home.